宇仁義和・ロバート=ブラウネル・櫻井敬人．2014．ロイ・チャップマン・アンドリュースの日本と朝鮮での鯨類調査と1909–1910年の日本周辺での行程．日本セトロジー研究，24：33–61．
Yoshikazu Uni, Robert L. Brownell, Jr., and Hayato Sakurai. 2014. Whale research by Roy Chapman Andrews in Japan and Korea, and Retracing his Footsteps around Japan in 1909-1910. Japan Cetology, 24: 33–61.
ロイ・チャップマン・アンドリュースが1910年にスミソニアン協会アルバトロス号のフィリピン調査に参加した後、日本で行った鯨類調査とそれまでの足取り、そして1912年に朝鮮で行った鯨 類調査を復原した。調査はニューヨークのアメリカ自然史博物館（AMNH）に保管されているアンドリュースが収集した鯨類標本や手紙、報告書、写真、調査日誌を資料とした。アンドリュースは紀伊大島では8頭の鯨を調べ3個体分の全身骨格を確保した。鮎川では62頭以上を調査し、巨大なオスのマッコウクジラの骨格を収集した。
蔚山ではコククジラ23頭を含む32頭の鯨を調べ、全身骨格も収集した。これらの調査活動が可能になったのは東洋捕鯨（株）の社員や現場従業員、本社や事業場の全面的な協力によるものであった。東洋捕鯨は別にツチクジラやシャチの骨格も寄 贈している。マッコウクジラ、ツチクジラ、シャチの骨格標本はアメリカ自然史博物館で1933–1962年の間に展示されていた。コククジラの標本はスミソニアン協会国立自然史博物館で現在に到るまで展示されている。
彼は他にも横浜、日光、神戸、門司、台湾、沖縄、土佐清水、そして瀬戸内海にも立ち寄り写真を撮った。紀伊大島と鮎川、蔚山の写真は近代捕鯨の初期の姿を写した唯一のまとまった写真であり、アンドリュースの写真や文書は、生物学的にも文化人類学的にも将来の貴重な研究資料である。
We followed the footsteps of Roy Chapman Andrews (RCA) when he studied whales, dolphins and porpoises in Japan in 1910, after being a member of the Smithsonian Institution’s USS Albatross Philippine Expedition, and Korea in 1912. We examined the cetacean specimens that RCA collected and his correspondence, publications, photographs and journals preserved in the American Museum of Natural History (AMNH), New York. At Kii-Oshima, RCA examined eight whales and secured three skeletons and at Ayukawa he examined over 62 whales and collected a large male sperm whale. At Ulsan he studied 32 whales including 23 gray and collected several skeletons.
His research activities were whole-heartedly supported by Toyo Hogei K.K. (Oriental Whaling Company) officers and workers at both the head office and the land stations. The company also presented the AMNH with two skeletons of Baird's beaked whale and killer whale. The skeletons of the sperm whale, Baird’s beaked whale and killer whale were exhibited in the AMNH between 1933 and 1962, and the gray whale skeleton has been on exhibit in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
RCA also visited and took photographs in Yokohama, Nikko, Kobe, Kyoto, Moji, Taiwan, Okinawa, Tosa-Shimizu and the Seto Inland Sea. RCA photographs at Kii-Oshima, Ayukawa and Ulsan are the only images of early modern whaling. All these photographs and his archives are an important resource for future scientific and anthropological studies.
Summary
We followed the footsteps of Roy Chapman Andrews(RCA)when he studied whales, dolphins and porpoises in Japan in 1910 and Korea in 1912. We examined the cetacean specimens that RCA collected and his correspondence, publications, photographs and journals preserved in the American Museum of Natural History (AMNH). RCA departed from New York City and then started his journey across the North Pacific from Seattle, Washington, on board the S.S. Aki-Maru operated by Nippon Yusen Kaisha. He arrived in Yokohama on 17 September 1909 and visited Kamakura and Nikko for a few days. He then boarded the ship again, which stopped next at Kobe. From there, he visited the base of Rokko-san (Mount Rokko)and Kyoto. Next the Aki-Maru sailed through Setonaikai Inland Sea and called at Moji-Harbor (Kitakyushu) to load coal and departed for Hong Kong. In Hong Kong, RCA boarded the Taming, which was bound for Manila, where he joined the Smithsonian Institution’s USS Albatross Philippine Expedition and spent several months exploring parts of the Dutch East Indies. After the expedition was completed, the Albatross came to Japan, departing from Manila, in late January 1910. On the way to Japan, the ship met bad weather and her engine needed to be repaired so they stopped for a few days in Taiwan. It also visited Okinawa and finally reached Nagasaki on 11 February 1910.
RCA was invited to conduct whale research by the local governor and the American consul in Nagasaki. He visited Toyo Hogei (Oriental Whaling Company) in Shimonoseki and decided to start whale research in Japan. He unloaded his research equip- ment from the Albatross and headed to the landing station at Tosa-shimizu(Kochi Prefecture). As very few whales were taken there, he moved to Kii- Oshima (a small island off Shiono Point, Wakayama Prefecture).
RCA examined eight whales from 4 to15 April at Kii-Oshima and secured three skeletons: a blue whale, a Bryde’s whale and a killer whale. He then returned to Shimonoseki and shipped the speci- mens back to AMNH. RCA then left for the next station, which was Ayukawa (Miyagi Prefecture). There, between 20 May and 23 August 1910, he examined over 62 whales (blue, sei, fin, sperm and four small cetaceans(short-finned pilot whale [northern form], Pacific white-sided dolphin, northern right-whale dolphin and True’s porpoise). He also secured the skeleton of a large male sperm whale 59 ft (18 m) in total length. His research activities were whole-heartedly supported by Toyo Hogei officers and workers at both the head office and the two landing stations. Toyo Hogei gave him a skeleton of Baird’s beaked whale that was taken by another whaling company. After he completed his research work in Japan, RCA left for Cairo, Egypt. After that, he traveled Europe to visit natural history museums, arriving back in New York in November 1910. The skeletons he collected in Japan reached New York in December 1910.
He returned to Japan in December 1911 en-route to Toyo Hogei’s land station in Ulsan, Korea. His research there was carried out between 8 January and 24 February, 1912. RCA examined 23 gray whales as well as other species such as blue, fin, humpback and killer whales. He collected skeletons of two gray, one humpback and one killer whale and shipped them to AMNH. On his return to Japan, he purchased a skeleton and skin, and two skulls of finless porpoise. He also collected fish in Shimonoseki.
The skeletons of the sperm whale, Baird’s beaked whale and killer whale that RCA collected in Korea were exhibited in the Hall of Ocean Life in AMNH, together with wall paintings of American sperm whaling, between 1933 and 1962. The other gray whale skeleton was donated to the Smithsonian Institution where it has been on exhibit in the Hall of Osteology in the National Museum of Natural History since the early 1960s.
RCA’s correspondence, publications and journals are an important biological record of Japanese cetaceans and early modern whaling in Japan. It is possible to compare and to verify these documents with other old documents and books dating back his days, such as the handbook for the station managers of Toyo Hogei and Akashi’s 1910 monograph the First Book of the Norwegian Whaling in Japan. The photographs taken by RCA are also extremely significant because they are the only images of early modern whaling in Japan and Korea. They include rare photographs of people’s daily lives in Okinawa and Taiwan in the early 20th century. RCA’s archives and specimens are important resources for future studies.